Guide to Air Quality in Singapore
Understanding Air Quality
Air quality is a significant concern in urban areas, including Singapore, where rapid industrialisation and urban development can impact environmental health. The primary measure of air quality is the Pollutant Standards Index (PSI), which provides a scale indicating the level of air pollution.
PSI Categories
The PSI is categorised as follows:
Good (0-50): Air quality is considered satisfactory, and air pollution poses little or no risk.
Moderate (51-100): Air quality is acceptable; however, some pollutants may be a concern for a small number of individuals who are unusually sensitive to air pollution.
Unhealthy (101-200): Everyone may begin to experience health effects; members of sensitive groups may experience more serious health effects.
Very Unhealthy (201-300): Health alert; everyone may experience more serious health effects.
Hazardous (301 and above): Health warnings of emergency conditions. The entire population is likely to be affected.
Main Pollutants
In Singapore, the primary air pollutants include:
Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10): Microscopic particles that can penetrate the respiratory system.
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2): Emitted from vehicular traffic and industrial sources.
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2): Primarily from burning fossil fuels and industrial processes.
Carbon Monoxide (CO): Produced from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels.
Monitoring Air Quality
The National Environment Agency (NEA) of Singapore continuously monitors air quality at various stations across the island. Daily updates of the PSI readings can be found on their website and through various mobile applications.
Seasonal Variations
Singapore's air quality is generally good for most of the year; however, it can deteriorate during the northeast monsoon season (December to March) due to smoke haze from land clearing activities in neighboring countries. The haze often leads to a spike in PSI levels, prompting public health advisories.
Health Precautions
During periods of poor air quality, individuals are advised to take the following precautions:
Stay Indoors: Limit outdoor activities, especially if the PSI exceeds the unhealthy level.
Use Air Purifiers: Consider using air purifiers with HEPA filters to reduce indoor pollution.
Wear Masks: When going outside during high pollution days, wearing N95 masks can help reduce inhalation of harmful particles.
Stay Hydrated: Drinking plenty of water can help mitigate the respiratory effects of air pollution.
Being informed about air quality in Singapore is essential for the health and well-being of residents and visitors. By understanding the PSI readings, identifying common pollutants, and taking necessary precautions, individuals can better manage their exposure to air pollution and maintain a healthier lifestyle.
